DESALINATION WATER + WATER + CAPTIVE

CAPTIVE WATER

dams are reversible commitment to the future of the Ministries of Environment and Industry to increase the generation of electricity without environmental costs and offset the consumption of many desalination plants being built on the Mediterranean coast. When plants are completed the program WATER (alternative to the Ebro transfer), the desalination capacity in Spain will reach the 1,000 cubic hectometres. At current price, is a power consumption of 2,868 gigawatt hours. (It is assumed that each cubic meter of desalinated water consumes 2.86 kilowatts / hour).

Secretary General for Territory and Biodiversity Antonio Serrano, has invited representatives of the electricity sector to meet its potential in generating renewable energy, shuffling ways to boost the sector and combine these new energy demands with a commitment to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere according to a draft European directive sets a decrease of 20% and a decrease, also of 20% in primary energy consumption. And everyone agrees that you can no longer build large dams in Spain because it raises a great social rejection and the best sites are occupied.

Environment and Industry have two possible solutions to increase hydroelectric resources. One of them is to put in operation by open competition state dams suitable for this purpose. Have so far been identified 50, but among them would not reach 200 megawatts of power, so this option is unlikely to succeed.

more weight option is the type of reversible Dams were launched with the plan for nuclear power plants in the early seventies and were designed to pump water in reverse, drawing excessive production of nuclear energy during the night as they operate continuously.

power companies (led by Iberdrola, Endesa and Union Fenosa) built rafts upstream of major dams to pump water at night and pass through the turbines at peak hours during the day. This type of dam has a potential of over 3,000 megawatts, as communicated by the Power of the Environment and Industry. The economic performance of these plants is high, the rate differential between night (40 euros a megawatt / hour on average) and day (90 euros on average).

profitable, more sustainable and energy is cheaper.

In times of strong demand turbine ponds where water is stored during the night, instead of pulling fuel power plants, which is more polluting and its price is increasingly high. They are the only procedure that exists to store energy. They are always available to meet demand pulls in winter or summer, so it would come to the aid of the electrical system every time the wind and fall to wind farms, and would not need to shut down certain businesses, as in last December.

For Environment is a solution "less bad" and have an effect "positive but a negative energy balance," said Serrano. For power "they have come to see God and the first thing they have asked is that you make the procedures as currently takes six years to obtain a license. All large utilities surveyed were in favor of the idea, all they have in their portfolio some running, and all have projects in various stages of implementation. The Ministry of Environment has promised to expedite the processing of licenses.

So far the information published in 'El Pais'. But nobody seems to have stopped to ponder what it might mean. The Central Reversible highest in Spain and true marvel of engineering - "Cortez the Muela'-located in the Valencia region, has a maximum height of 500 meters, but usually not exceeding 200 meters of altitude.

Each cubic meter of water used in power generation to 200 meters provides a balance of about 0.50 kilowatt-hour, taking into account the performance loss of pumps and turbines. So to get the 2.85 kilowatt-hours that are required for desalinate a cubic meter of seawater, it is necessary to keep captive in "Closed Loop" a minimum of six cubic meters of fresh water.

as intended hectometres desalinate 1,000 a year, we have to hold nearly 6,000 annual freshwater hectometres. To this must be added the evaporation and seepage losses (5%) because that water is stored in outdoor ponds.

and increase € 0.32 M3, which are the chemical costs, replacement of membranes, filtration, personnel, maintenance, etc. ... Requiring desalination. words, in a country dying of thirst, the city will detract six cubic meters of free water back to a cubic meter of desalinated water to 0.32 €.

But as the price difference between day and night time is 0.50 € utilities receive a profit of € 1,434,000,000 of annual uros simply recycle those 2,868 gigawatt hours. not surprising to recognize that "God has them to see" in the form of ministerial staff.

SEAWATER

.

The July 2, 2006 published in the Diario 'El Mundo', and the February 3, 2008 in the Journal 'La Vanguardia', two large report in showing that, based on a 1996 patent and studies conducted by the Ministry of Industry and Environment, if they joined a Reversible Reservoir and a desalination plant Pressure Natural, is balancing the power curve is obtained significant economic benefits and huge quantities of water desalarían virtually free of energy consumption additional brine or send back to the sea.

logical The only change required was the fact substitute a fresh water that we lack and that is criminal to keep captive to the Power of a leftover sea water around us. It should be remembered that the pumps and turbines used in desalination of sea water is also used, which means that the corrosion problem has been resolved.

The only argument made by some technical opposed to the system is: what if electricity rates change?

now evident that the Ministries of Environment and Industry does not intend to change those rates, but rather on the contrary "urgings" to be used more intensively.

questions thus remain the same: What interests impede the adoption of a system designed by two ministries and that everyone who wants it can have free access and who benefits from the fact that water continues While still a vital but increasingly scarce and expensive?

Published with permission of the author

Alberto Vazquez Figueroa

http://www.elblogoferoz.com/post/2009/11/22/OPINION-Agua-cautiva-Por-Alberto- Vazquez-Figueroa.aspx

Posted by Bruno Abreu Juan Alvarez

in

07:42

Have You Survived Ovarian Cancer

Gruß teletrabajochile.desalinizacion


Diese ist auch online abrufbar Email: Hier klicken

Recommended Pediatrician Markham

desalination desalination experts gather in Antofagasta

Apply for our training courses and consultancy PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MANAGEMENT-LEADERSHIP - KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT - CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - LOBBY - BUSINESS COACHING-RENEWABLE, consulting nationally and internationally and are available for OTEC Y OTIC in Chile

desalination experts gather in Antofagasta 01/12/1910 Print Source / MCH DESALINATION Send "The shortage of water can not be an obstacle to the development of Chile. Therefore, will encourage the use of new sources and efficient use of this resource," he said the authority, announcing plans to create special scrutiny and will particular concern about resource sustainability, "which in Chile is not wasted a single drop of water," he said. Classifieds This project will enter the System of Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) for the next few days. "As we have desalination processes and have improved water availability, we will have greater availability of mining. This particular development of mining in the north of the country and especially in Antofagasta," said Wagner. Editor SEND News (MCH ) Antofagasta has pioneered the use of techniques for seawater desalination worldwide. And since 1872 there is evidence that in Las Salinas had solar desalination plants to convert salt water allowed in sweet and well used primarily for livestock. Was unknown that could be used for human consumption, but during the Pacific War in 1882 was used desalinated seawater to supply the Army campaign. So it is no coincidence that the Antofagasta region has received more than one hundred experts in the II International Seminar on Desalination. It analyzes the various existing technologies, technical proposals for the development and modernization of plants and environmental issues related to this technology. Setting Kutulas, general manager of Aguas Antofagasta, said that the heavy investment in mining ahead of the hand brings an opportunity for the desalination industry and reuse of water as mining growth was achieved in the hand of the use of sea water. "The wine desalination technology, talent and creativity of human beings." Meanwhile, Undersecretary of Public Works, Loreto Silva, described the challenges facing their portfolio to a future where there will an increasing demand for fresh water as "the future outlook is not encouraging." One goal is to reduce the gap so that water is working to modernize the Directorate General of Water, will be held in 2011 a census to know the reality of water resources so as to create conditions and encourage better use of water. Currently 60% of the drinking water of Antofagasta comes from desalination. In 2014, will become the first South American city to be 100% supplied by seawater. Aguas Antofagasta made the announcement at the hearing the Secretary of Mining of the plant Chimba where it was reported that in 2011 tender to build a second plant in the south of the city to begin operations in 4 years and completed all the demand for urban drinking water. Source: Spread this article freely SEE, THINK, WRITE. Greetings Rodrigo González Fernández Diploma in Corporate Social Responsibility "UN Diploma in Knowledge Management" UN Diploma in Management in Public Administration UN www.consultajuridica.blogspot.com www.el-observatory politico.blogspot.com www.lobbyingchile.blogspot.com www.calentamientoglobalchile.blogspot.com www.respsoem.blogspot.com www.coachingdechile.blogspot . com CEL: 93934521 Santiago-Chile